Orangeburg Calhoun Technical College

Advanced Emergency Medical Technician

Advanced Emergency Medical Technicians provide emergency care in various pre-hospital settings. This certificate prepares students to become nationally registered as an Advanced Emergency Medical Technician. After completing the EMT-Basic credentialing, students are eligible to enroll. This certificate is a great starting point for students who ultimately want to be a paramedic.

Advanced Welding

The Advanced Welding Certificate is the study of mild steel plate and pipe, some alloy. focusing on the SMAW and GTAW processes. Students will complete all required NCCER II and NCCER III modules and competencies. Prior successful completion of Basic Welding and Intermediate Welding certificates is required.

Arts University Transfer

The Certificate in Arts University Transfer program will guide Early College and Pre-Professional Gap Year students who intend to transfer to a 4-year institution.

Associate Degree Nursing (LPN to ADN Flex Option)

Licensed Practical Nurses may obtain advanced credit through ATI testing procedures which must be completed within two years of application deadline. Admission to the program is competitive and students are selected accordingly. Please see the OCtech public website under Academics - Nursing - Associate Degree Nursing, at the bottom of the page you will find the program-specific competitive admissions criteria.

Associate in Arts

If you are planning to transfer to a four-year college or university, enrolling in the Associate in Arts or Associate in Science curricula can help you reach your goals. In these programs, which are also called the University Transfer programs, you can take any number of college transferable courses, from just a few to an entire associate degree. Also, if you are a public school teacher looking for recertification credit, many of the courses will apply.

Associate in Arts Early Childhood Education Concentration

Students in the Early Childhood Education Concentration wish to teach pre-kindergarten to third grade. • Eight semester hours of foreign language are required for all students who do not achieve a score of two (2) or better on the USC foreign language test. Students should take SPA 101 and SPA 102 at OCtech to satisfy this requirement. • Curriculum models represent the articulation agreements with the University of South Carolina.

Associate in Arts Early Childhood Education Concentration One-Year Transfer Program

Students in the Early Childhood Education Concentration area wish to teach pre-kindergarten or kindergarten.

Associate in Arts Elementary Education Concentration

Students in the Elementary Education Concentration area wish to teach grades 2-6.

Associate in Arts for Early College

For more information on the OCtech Early College, please visit this page.

Associate in Arts Hospitality Management Transfer - USC Beaufort

The Associate in Arts program with an emphasis in Hospitality Management is designed for students to either transfer specific courses or a complete associate degree to the University of South Carolina Beaufort to count toward a bachelor's in Hospitality Management degree.

Associate in Arts Mid-Level Education Concentration

Students in the Mid-level Education Concentration area wish to teach GRADES 5-8. Please note that these areas will ultimately require specialization in a subject area. Students pursuing certification in history, Social Studies English or foreign languages should select the Bachelor of Arts transfer program. Students pursuing certification in math or any of the sciences should select the Bachelor of Science transfer program.

Associate in Science

If you are planning to transfer to a four-year college or university, enrolling in the Associate in Arts or Associate in Science curricula can help you reach your goals. In these programs, which are also called the University Transfer programs, you can take any number of college transferable courses, from just a few to an entire associate degree. Also, if you are a public school teacher looking for recertification credit, many of the courses will apply.

Associate in Science Food Science and Nutrition Program

Students have a unique opportunity to pursue Food Science and Nutrition at Clemson University. Students in the Associate in Science degree with an emphasis in Food Science and Nutrition have guaranteed transfer credit to the College of Agricultural, Forestry and Life Sciences at Clemson. Graduates who meet all of the specific criteria will be accepted, without further review of credentials, with junior standing at Clemson University. a.

Associate in Science for Early College

For more information on the OCtech Early College, please visit this page.

Associate in Science Healthcare University Transfer

The Associate in Science/Healthcare University Transfer Pathway is designed for competitive entrance into Bachelor of Science in Healthcare Studies program at a partner college, including MUSC.

Associate in Science Healthcare University Transfer for Early College

For more information on the OCtech Early College, please visit this page.

Associate in Science Mid-Level Education Concentration

Associate in Science RN to BSN Transfer Program - USC Upstate

The Associate in Science in Nursing USC Upstate Transfer program is designed for ADN students to transfer to the University of South Carolina Upstate to pursue a Bachelors of Science in Nursing. Options are also available for students who plan to transfer to other four-year institutions. Please consult the Assistant VP of Nursing and Health Careers.

Automotive Technology

The importance of professional automobile repair in today's mobile society cannot be overstated. Because vehicles have skyrocketed in cost and are kept in service longer, there is a shortage of trained, knowledgeable technicians. Skilled technicians are needed to perform preventive maintenance, repairs and adjustments. Your decision to obtain either a certificate or Associate Degree in Automotive Technology will provide you with increased career opportunity and higher income.

Basic Accounting

For students who do not have the time to complete an Associate Degree, the Certificate in Basic Accounting may be a better fit. The certificate program offers nine courses in basic accounting for entry-level employees and job seekers. Upon completing this certificate, students will: • understand the role of accounting to overall business operations. • learn individual income tax procedures. • study payroll laws. • work with computerized accounting systems.

Basic Diesel Maintenance

Students will learn skills for immediate entry into the job market as an "entry level" diesel maintenance technician. The certificate includes courses in basic diesel engine theory and operation; servicing diesel equipment; basic diesel diagnostics and repair of basic fuel systems used on today's diesel equipment. Job opportunities for students with this certificate include servicing light diesel equipment; construction, industrial, and farm equipment.

Basic Electrician - Fall Start

The Basic Electrician Certificate is designed to introduce the student to the foundation theories that govern electricity/electronics. He or she will become familiar with electrical codes; electrical wiring techniques, print reading and performing electrical load calculations.

Basic Electrician - Spring Start

Basic Industrial Maintenance

This certificate is designed to prepare students for employment as entry-level Industrial Maintenance Technicians. Job opportunities for students with this certificate include Process Plant Mechanical Apprentice, Manufacturing Plant Maintenance Apprentice, Construction Site Equipment Maintenance Apprentice, and Construction Electrical Apprentice.

Basic Welding

Using the modular formatted (NCCER) curriculum, students who complete all NCCER Level I modules and may earn their national NCCER Level I credential. The curriculum includes welding safety, oxyfuel cutting, and gas and arc welding. Students complete Level I NCCER modules in the SMAW welding process, including Beads and Fillet Welds; GMAW equipment and setup; and GMAW basic welds.

Business Administration: Accounting

The Business Administration curriculum is specifically designed to meet the demands of the dynamic working environment and provide students with the essential skills in the competitive job market. The program offers a comprehensive study of fundamental business, management, and accounting principles, empowering students to effectively apply problem-solving techniques to real-life scenarios.

Business Administration: Enterprise Management

For more information on the Associate in Applied Science in Business Administration degree options, visit this page.

Business Administration: Office Management

For more information on the Associate in Applied Science in Business Administration degree options, visit this page.

Computer Aided Design I (CAD I)

This program is designed to introduce the student to basic entry-level Computer Aided Design. Topics include two-dimensional engineering drawings and parametric 3D modeling. For admission into this program you must be a high school graduate or possess a GED and take the college's placement test or have met the college's SAT or ACT requirements.

Computer Aided Design II (CAD II)

This program is designed for students desiring advanced computer aided design skills to generate drawings. Topics include piping layouts, P&ID, process pipedrafting, parametric 3D modeling, and 3D residential design. For admission into this program you must be a high school graduate or possess a GED and take the college's placement test or have met the college's SAT or ACT requirements.

Computer Network Specialist

This program provides entry-level training in computer troubleshooting/repair, network security and systems analysis and design. This certificate can be completed online or as a combination of traditional and online classes. This program cannot be completed with evening classes only. Students will have the opportunity to earn the Network+, A+, and Security+ industry certifications.

Computer Numerical Control (CNC) Programmer

This certificate is designed to introduce the student to the skills needed to operate computer numeric control (CNC) machines in manufacturing businesses. Coursework consists of M&G programming, tooling selection plus offsets, CNC setup, CAM programming, and conversational programming. Classes are offered day and evening.

Computer Technology: Computer Programming

The mission of the Computer Technology program is to fulfill the community's need for a competent workforce and economic growth by providing instruction in programming, mobile applications, network security, information technology and data assurance.

Computer Technology: Network Security and Information Assurance

Students opting to concentrate their studies in the Network Security and Information Assurance Technology area will learn the foundations of cloud computing, network management, network security and assessing security risks and vulnerabilities, in order to develop plans to minimize those threats. Career paths in this area include Computer Security Specialist, System Administrator, Systems Analyst, Information Systems Specialist, IT Support Technician, Project Managers, and Network Administrator.

Criminal Justice Technology

The Associate in Applied Science, Major in Criminal Justice curriculum does not set admission requirements beyond the college's general requirements. Prospective students are advised that the South Carolina Criminal Justice Academy and the South Carolina Division of Training and Continuing Education do set minimum standards for employment. These minimum standards are for law enforcement officers, corrections officers, youth services officers, probation and parole officers, and others.

Cybersecurity Specialist

The Cybersecurity Specialist Certificate for entry-level Security Analysts is a comprehensive and hands-on training program design to equip individuals with the essential skills and knowledge required to pursue a career as a security analyst.

Database and Programming (Certiport)

Database and Programming students will gain database design, SQL, and project management skills that are applicable to a variety of technical job roles. At the end of Database Programming with SQL, students can earn the opportunity to sit for the MTA- Microsoft Technology Associate Exam 98-364 Database Fundamentals exam. For students seeking professional certification, the courses map to Microsoft Technology Associate (MTA) content.

Early Care and Education Diploma

The Early Childhood Development diploma program offers students a basic understanding of the needs of young children. The diploma is organized with standards from the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC). Students are trained to implement quality pre-school programming.

Early Care Education

The Early Care and Education program is designed for students who wish to pursue a career in Early Childhood Education. The Associate Degree is organized with standards from the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC). Students pursuing the Associate Degree in Applied Science in Early Care and Education are encouraged to transfer to a four-year institution to obtain a Baccalaureate Degree if they plan to teach in a K-12 environment.

Early Childhood Development

The Early Childhood Development Certificate program prepares students for employment in educational programs for young children such as child development centers and nursery schools. This certificate is organized with standards from the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC). Students obtain a basic understanding of the needs of young children and are trained to implement quality pre-school programming.

Electrocardiography Certificate

The Certificate in Electrocardiography prepares students to successfully complete cardiac monitoring procedures.

Electronics Engineering Technology

Electronic Instrumentation Technicians configure, program, calibrate, install and troubleshoot instruments that measure and control processes in automated and industrial environments. The process controlled systems maintained by these technicians are central to such production facilities as chemical plants, power plants, automotive and tire manufacturing, and many other automated control applications.

Emergency Medical Technician

Emergency Medical Technicians (EMT) are certified healthcare providers who are trained to respond, treat, and transport individuals in emergency situations. With the assistance of dispatchers, Advanced EMTs, and Paramedics, EMTs are an integral component of the Emergency Medical Team. The Emergency Medical Technician certificate prepares students to work with the Emergency Medical System (EMS), and become state and nationally certified as an EMT-Basic.

Engineering Design Technology

The nature and purpose of the Engineering Design Technology (EDT) program at OCtech is to prepare graduates with demonstrated professional competence in converting engineering products, ideas, and solutions into 2D CAD drawings and 3D CAD parametric drawing models. Students produce 3D prototypes, allowing them to experience the capabilities of the manufacturing process.

Forensics

Physical evidence plays an important role in both the investigation and prosecution of criminal cases. Advances in science have revolutionized the way criminal justice agencies investigate incidents, analyze evidence and identify possible suspects. This process begins with the efficient location and collection of physical evidence at the crime scene. This initial step in the investigative process may be carried out by a number of criminal justice professionals.

General Liberal Arts & Sciences

General Radiologic Technology

General radiologic technologists produce x-ray images (radiographs) of the human body for use in diagnosing medical problems. They interact with patients by explaining procedures and various positioning techniques necessary to produce quality images of bony and soft tissue structures. Extensive knowledge of radiography equipment is necessary to produce quality radiographs.

General Studies Certificate

The General Studies Certificate Program provides individuals who are undecided as to their final academic and career goals with an opportunity to earn a certificate by taking courses to meet the requirements of a variety of academic disciplines. The certificate may be customized for students to explore their individual interests and/or needs. Courses will be selected from approved degree, diploma or certificate programs that are currently being offered by the college.

General Technology: Electronics Instrumentation/ Engineering Technology for Early College

The Associate in Applied Science in General Technology Degree in Electronic Instrumentation, with a secondary specialty in Electronics is designed for OCtech Early College students enrolled in the Advanced Manufacturing/Engineering Career Academy. For more information on the OCtech Early College, please visit this page.

General Technology: EMT/Forenics

General Technology: Engineering Design/Engineering Technology for Early College

The Associate in Applied Science in General Technology Degree in Engineering Design Technology, with a secondary specialty in Engineering Technology is designed for OCtech Early College students enrolled in the Advanced Manufacturing/Engineering Career Academy. For more information on the OCtech Early College, please visit this page.

General Technology: Fire Science/EMT

General Technology: Healthcare Preparation & Clinical Studies (PCT/Allied Health)

The Associate in Applied Science in General Technology Healthcare Preparation and Clinical Studies program prepares students to enter the Associate in Applied Science in Radiologic Technology, the Associate in Applied Science in Physical Therapist Assistant, or the Medical Assisting diploma program. Students will complete general education classes while earning certifications to help increase opportunities to enter the workforce.

General Technology: Health Professions/Clinical Studies for Early College

For more information on the OCtech Early College, please visit this page.

General Technology: Industrial Electronics/Business

General Technology: Mechatronics/Industrial Technology for Early College

The Associate in Applied Science in General Technology Degree in Mechatronics Technology, with a secondary specialty in Industrial Technology is designed for OCtech Early College students enrolled in the Advanced Manufacturing/Engineering Career Academy. For more information on the OCtech Early College, please visit this page.

General Technology: Medical Assisting/ Administrative Support

General Technology: Medical Assisting/Phlebotomy

General Technology: Nursing Preparation and Clinical Studies - Patient Care Technician/Biology

The Associate in Applied Science in General Technology Nursing Preparation and Clinical Studies program prepares students to enter the Associate in Applied Science in Nursing or the Licensed Practical Nursing diploma program. Students will complete general education classes while earning certifications to help increase opportunities to enter the workforce.

General Technology: Patient Care Technician/ Phlebotomy

General Technology: Welding/Industrial Maintenance

Industrial Electrician

The Industrial Electrician Certificate is designed to enhance the Basic Electrician Certificate. This includes programmable logic controller (PLC) theory; motor and motor controls theory and power generation and delivery theory. Completion of this certificate prepares the student to be an entry-level industrial electrician, automation technician, or power company employee. The Basic Electrician Certificate courses are required pre-requisites for those in the Industrial Electrician Certificate.

Industrial Electronics Technology

When production workers encounter problems with the machines they operate, they call industrial technicians. Industrial technicians install, replace and repair equipment in industrial settings. Students in these options are prepared for industrial maintenance and industrial technician positions. Industrial electronics technicians set up and service the electronic equipment that controls machines and production processes in industries.

Intermediate Welding

Using the modular formatted (NCCER) curriculum, students who complete all required NCCER Level II modules and may earn their national NCCER Level II credential and NCCER Core Credential. The curriculum includes reading welding detail drawings, welding blueprints, and SMAW, GTAW, and FCAW welding processes.

Internetworking

This certificate will provide students with in-depth training in the configuration and use of CISCO Routers and switching. Upon completion students should be able to sit for the CCENT (100-105 ICDN1 Interconnecting CISCO Networking Devices, Part I) for entry-level network support positions or CCNA (100-105 ICDN1 Interconnecting CISCO Networking Devices Part I and 100-105 ICND2) exams.

Introduction to Engineering Technology

This certificate is an introduction to Engineering Fundamentals and will provide students courses necessary to move into more advanced concepts presented in Electronics Engineering Technology and Engineering Design Technology.

Logistics

Logistics involves the integration of information, transportation, inventory, warehousing, material handling, and packaging. Students completing this certificate will be able to supervise warehouse operations, ensure equipment is correctly operated and maintained, and meet customer requirements. They will be able to oversee shipments to multiple customer accounts and ensure shipments are on schedule.

Machine Tool Technology

Precision measurement is a very important part of any machining operation. And because tools and dies must meet strict specifications - precision to one ten-thousandth of an inch is common - the work of individuals in the machine tool field requires a high degree of patience and attention to detail. It is also essential that these professionals be mechanically inclined, able to work independently, and are capable of doing work that requires concentration and physical effort.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a medical test that uses a magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images of the body's internal structures.

Mammography

The online Certificate in Mammography program is a one semester advanced imaging program for registered Radiologic Technologists or students preparing to graduate from an accredited Associates degree in Radiology program. Technologists working in Mammography use low-dose x-rays to help identify masses and other abnormalities in and around the breast.

Mechatronics I - Fundamentals

This certificate is designed to prepare students for entry-level Industrial Maintenance positions, with cross-over to Electrical and Instrumentation positions. The Fundamentals aspect of Mechatronics prepares the student by introducing a broad range of courses that peaks the interest of the learner, while expanding their industrial knowledge including Electrical, Mechanical, and Computer Science.

Mechatronics II - Automated Controls

This certificate is designed to prepare students for entry-level, intermediate-level, or higher-level Industrial Maintenance positions, with cross-over to Electrical and Instrumentation positions. The Automated Controls aspect of Mechatronics prepares the student by introducing a broad range of manufacturing tactics, along with manufacturing theory including Electrical, Mechanical, and Computer Science.

Mechatronics III - Advanced Automated Systems

Mechatronics Technology

Combining electronic, mechanical, robotics and information system technologies, Mechatronics Technology provides the graduate with the skill set needed for today's automated manufacturing facilities. These skills will align with current needs of manufacturers, as well as align with one or more industrial standards/certifications. Instruction covers hydraulics and pneumatics, robotics and automated controls, programmable controllers, process control and mechanical applications.

Medical Assisting

The Medical Assisting (MA) program prepares students for career opportunities, which require knowledge of basic office, patient care and laboratory skills in medical offices, clinics, and hospitals. Medical assistants are multi-skilled allied health professionals specifically educated to work in ambulatory settings performing administrative and clinical duties.

Network Engineering

This certificate program provides in-depth training in networking and server administration technology using Microsoft and various networking products and will assist in preparing the student to sit for the Microsoft Server, Network+and Security+ examinations. This certificate can completed online or with traditional and online classes. This program cannot be completed with evening classes only.

Nursing (ADN)

Registered Nurses provide for the physical, mental, and emotional needs of their patients. They are advocates and health educators for patients, families, and communities, and help people take proactive measures to ensure better health. When providing patient care, they observe, assess, and record the symptoms, reactions and progress of their patients; assist health care providers during treatments and examinations; administer medications; and help in convalescence and rehabilitation.

Nursing Assistant

Nursing assistants, under the supervision of nursing and medical staffs, provide personal care and emotional support to elderly and/or acutely ill patients confined to hospitals, short- term intermediate facilities, and long-term care institutions. They take temperatures, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure as well as observe patients' physical, mental and emotional conditions, and report any changes to the nursing or medical staff.

Office Management

The certificate in Office Management is designed to provide individuals with the skills and knowledge needed to efficiently manage administrative and office operations.

Patient Care Technician (PCT)

Patient care technicians are multi-skilled healthcare providers, with training in basic patient care, blood collection, and electrocardiography or hemodialysis. Under the supervision of nursing and medical staff, patient care technicians are employable in a variety of healthcare settings. Students will gain the knowledge and skills to function as beginning-level staff in hospitals, clinics, long-term care facilities, laboratories, and physicians' offices.

Phlebotomy Certificate

The Certificate in Phlebotomy provides students the knowledge and skills to function as beginning-level staff in hospitals, clinics, long-term care facilities, laboratories, and physicians' offices. Phlebotomy training consists of blood collection using needles, as well as an overview of commonly used laboratory techniques.

Physical Therapist Assistant

Physical Therapist Assistants are skilled healthcare professionals qualified to perform selected physical therapy interventions under the direction and supervision of a Physical Therapist. They can treat individuals of any age with health conditions or physical limitations that impair their ability to perform activities of daily living.

Practical Nursing (Fall Admission)

The Practical Nurse (PN) is the basic level of nursing that applies principles of therapeutic, rehabilitative , and preventive care for people of all ages and culture in the physical, mental, and emotional needs of their patients under the guidance of a registered nurse or physician in a variety of healthcare settings.

Practical Nursing Flex Option (Fall Admission)

For more information on the Diploma in Applied Science in Practical Nursing requirements and options, visit this page. The Practical Nursing Flex Option is also offered beginning in Spring term.

Practical Nursing Flex Option (Spring Admission)

For more information on the Diploma in Applied Science in Practical Nursing requirements and options, visit this page. The Practical Nursing Flex Option is also offered beginning in Fall term.

Practical Nursing (Spring Admission)

For more information on the Diploma in Applied Science in Practical Nursing requirements and options, visit this page.

Pre-Licensed Practical Nursing (LPN)

The Pre-Licensed Practical Nursing (LPN) Certificate is specifically tailored to equip students with the practical skills and knowledge necessary to submit a competitive application to the Practical Nursing program. Upon completion of this certificate, students will have a solid foundation in anatomy, physiology, mathematics, communication, and patient care. Students are encouraged to review specific admissions requirements and meet with an advisor prior to submitting a competitive application.

Pre-Nursing (RN)

The Pre-Nursing (RN) Certificate is designed to provide students with a solid foundation in healthcare fundamentals, preparing them for success in the rigorous Associate Degree Nursing (ADN) program. This certificate program equips students with essential anatomy, physiology, mathematics, communication, and patient care knowledge and skills.

Pre-Physical Therapist Assistant (PTA)

The Pre-Physical Therapist Assistant Certificate is intended to prepare students for success in the dynamic field of physical therapy with a solid foundation in healthcare essentials. Students will complete the general education classes required for the Associate in Applied Science Physical Therapist Assistant degree program.

Pre-Police Academy

The Police Pre-Academy Training (PPAT) certification is for individuals who seek to become employed as a law enforcement officer in South Carolina and become Class-1 Certified Law Enforcement Officers (LEO) through the South Carolina Criminal Justice Academy (SCCJA) and the Law Enforcement Training Council (LETC) pursuant to South Carolina Code of Laws Chapter 23. This program will be an option to begin the certification process as a law enforcement officer in South Carolina.

Pre-Radiologic Technology (RAD)

The Pre-Radiology Certificate is meticulously crafted to equip students with a solid foundation in healthcare essentials, preparing them for success in the dynamic field of radiologic technology. Students will complete the general education classes required for the Associate in Applied Science Radiologic Technology degree program while having the option of completing electives and healthcare certifications.

Production Machining Operator

This certificate is designed to introduce the student to basic machine production operation skills. Topics covered include manual machines, blue prints, and basic computer numerical controlled machines. Job opportunities include CNC Operator, Production Machinist, and Basic Quality Control Technician.

Quality Control

The Quality Control Certificate program focuses on quality control practices in the advanced manufacturing setting. Current industry employees will be able to expand their skills to pursue a career in the Quality Control department, while current Machine Tool Technology degree students may add this certificate.

Radiologic Technology

For most people, the term "x-ray" creates an image of someone who has been injured and must have an x-ray to rule out or confirm a broken bone. Due to advancements in technology, today radiation is used to produce images of the body internally and to treat cancer. Special modalities such as Mammography, Ultrasound, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Nuclear Medicine, and Computed Tomography (CT) are growing rapidly.

Science University Transfer

The Certificate in Arts University Transfer program will guide Early College and Pre-Professional Gap Year students who intend to transfer to a 4-year institution.

Security

Security officers patrol and inspect property to protect against fire, theft, vandalism, and illegal entry of the facility for which they work. The growing rate of internal theft in business and industry also has created an increasing need for security officers. Security officers' duties may include patrolling the premises, setting up security controls, monitoring property access.

Small Business Management

The Certificate in Small Business Management is designed to provide graduates with the foundational skills necessary to start and effectively manage a business. Coursework includes accounting, management, marketing and business law activities, all of which are critical to the success of a business. The Small Business Management Certificate will partially fulfill the requirements of the Associate in Applied Science: Enterprise Management degree.

Undercar Specialist

This certificate is designed to enhance the skills of experienced technicians who strive to become ASE certified or as starting point for students who wish to attain marketable automotive technician skills. Students will learn skills for the immediate entry into the job market as a brake, suspension and general automotive specialist technician. Students who complete the certificate are prepared to take the ASE certification exam in the areas of automotive brakes and suspension.